Raised on Big Island; moved to Lahaina, Maui, following his conversion to Christianity; member of the first class to attend Lahainaluna Seminary; appointed first superintendent of schools in Hawai‘i in 1841; ordained to the ministry in 1843; assumed pastorship of an independent church on Maui; became pastor of Congregational Church at Keokea, Maui, in 1852; leading proponent of 1848 land division known as the Great Mahele; took active role against allowing foreigners to take land and industry from the natives; expert on Hawaiian culture. The ancient chants, genealogies, and other traditions he wrote down were posthumously published in 1903 as Hawaiian Antiquities. (See Day, History Makers of Hawaii, 94; Kuykendall, Hawaiian Kingdom, 1:448; GQC journal, Mar. 18–19, 28, Apr. 14, 1851; Nov. 16, 1852.)