Born in Bedford, Bedfordshire, England; baptized in England prior to his 1843 immigration to Nauvoo, Illinois; settled in Utah prior to April 1852, when he refused mission call to Italy; one of Francis Gladden Bishop’s most vocal proponents in Utah; read part of Bishop’s A Proclamation from the Lord during a sermon he gave in August 1852, following which he was excommunicated. (See Saunders, “Francis Gladden Bishop and Gladdenism,” 260; Record of Members Index; Historian’s Office Journal, Aug. 1, 1852; Mar. 20, 1853; “Minutes of the General Conference,” Deseret News, Apr. 17, 1852; “Remarks,” Deseret News, Apr. 2, 1853; GQC journal, June 13, 1853.)